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Shietwetter and Carbon Capture: A Rainy Day at the Hamburg Expo

The SusHi Tech Tokyo pavilion at the Carbon Capture Technology World Expo in Hamburg
SusHi Tech Tokyo pavilion: “Powering Urban Life with Hydrogen”, where Tokyo and its partners presented refuelling, traceability and inspection technologies, with staff in traditional happi coats.

A Hamburg welcome

'Shietwetter': the local vernacular for grey, drizzly and windy October days in Hamburg. Wednesday, 21 October, was definitely one.

I could see umbrellas being peppered and distorted out of their uniformity, passers-by hurrying to find shelter, and bikers in their rather monotonous and uncouth rain jackets hustling towards their destinations. Among those strugglers was one grumpy man trying to find the east-side entrance of the Messehalle, the place where the Carbon Capture Technology World Expo 2026 was taking place.

I hadn't prepared any questions for this event; I had so many topics outside my syllabus waiting for me.

On the floor

As I marched heroically from the east entrance to one of the halls, where the companies were presenting their delicacies, I got excited.

The first was a stall from a Canadian company working in carbon capture. Then I came across an enthusiastic solopreneur presenting his solutions for excess carbon. With around 427 ppm of CO₂ in the atmosphere, he was rightly concerned about humanity's future, if there was one.

Saddened by his concern, and not letting my emotions get the better of me, I moved forward, hoping to find more innovative ideas and solutions for humanity's future. I came across another hall where they kept coming at me: various companies, innovators and startups with their uncanny ideas. I placed myself among them, trying to absorb their energy and get to know something new and profound in the pioneering field of carbon capture.

Their main focus was industry, but I did observe some exceptions: technology prepared for household and indoor use.

Glimpses from the halls

What kept coming up

Three themes ran through the halls and the trade press coverage.

Hard-to-abate industry comes first. Capture matters most for energy-intensive sectors such as cement, steel and chemicals, where emissions come from the process itself and can't simply be switched off (fs-journal).

Carbon capture and hydrogen are converging. The expo ran alongside the Hydrogen Technology World Expo, and the overlap showed. Vienna- and Hamburg-based ZCT Solutions presented a “Carbon Capture & Conversion” platform that captures and cleans industrial exhaust, then turns it into energy carriers such as hydrogen or methane. The pitch: cut emissions and reduce Europe's dependence on imported energy at the same time.

Removal, not just capture. Mitsubishi Electric, exhibiting for the first time, built its stand around “net-negative emissions.” Its direct ocean capture work targets CO₂ that is already in the atmosphere, or that conventional capture can't reach.

Back out into the drizzle

By the time I left, the rain hadn't let up, and nobody inside had solved the climate crisis. But I walked out less grumpy than I walked in. Somewhere between the solopreneur's worry and the industrial giants' ambitions, carbon capture looked less like a niche technology and more like a field still deciding what it wants to be.

The expo returns to Hamburg on 19–21 October 2027. I'll bring an umbrella, and maybe a few questions.

Dear You! To those who came before us!

Letter from future generations
Image source: planningyouradventure.co.uk

Dear You! To those who came before us!

I don't hate you. That would require a kind of energy I no longer have, because the summers here take most of it. I want you to know that first. I read somewhere that you debated, endlessly, whether the crisis was real. We find that detail extraordinary now, the way you might have found it extraordinary if someone had debated whether fire was hot while standing in one.

You held every vote, every treaty, every dollar, every patent on every clean technology. You were the only people in history who could have changed the outcome. And you were also, somehow, the only generation who did not have to live inside it."

I was born into a bargain I never agreed to. Not a social contract, a social debt. You borrowed against the atmosphere, against the aquifers, against the coral, against the soil. And you did it with the full knowledge that the creditors would not be yourselves. That distinction is not small. It is, I think, the defining moral fact of the era you named "modern."

Yours,
A child of the Anthropocene

Imagine you are a young GenZ/Alpha adult entering the second half of your 20s. If you already are in your 20s, then you shall spare that Energy for the next set of Imagination that will follow aforementioned imagination or reality. Imagine yourself having a child of your own or you adopted one because you felt ‘Hey! there’s too many of us modern apes loitering around’. Now Imagine this child of yours was writing back a letter to you from 2045. Reminds me of the Sci-Fi movie ‘Back to the Future’, but that’s not relevant in our context here. What type of emotion might the child be holding towards us in that letter? Would that be of love? Or would that be of distraut? Of contempt, perhaps?

The representation gap at the bargaining table

The most diabolical aspect of climate change is that it forces us to make decisions that primarily affect individuals who have no voice in the process. In standard bargaining models, cooperation is often sustained through reciprocity, the idea that "if I help you now, you can help or punish me later". However, the intergenerational problem lacks this reciprocity because future victims cannot represent themselves at the table. We have the power to impose immense costs on future generations, but they have no way to reward our restraint or retaliate against our negligence

The moral failure of standard economic tools

Our current theoretical tools often fail to capture the ethical reality of this situation:

Discounting: Standard economic models use a "discount rate" (often around 5%) to determine the present value of future costs and benefits.[1] Gardiner argues this is fraught with difficulty; a 5% rate can essentially reduce the calculated value of the entire global economic output 200 years from now to just a few hundred thousand dollars in today's terms. [1] This mathematically undervalues the lives and well-being of future generations.[1]

Ignore Fairness: Models like the Tragedy of the Commons often focus strictly on future costs and benefits, ignoring the historical responsibility of wealthy nations that built their prosperity on past emissions.[1]

Moral Corruption: Gardiner warns that these theoretical inadequacies lead us into a state of moral corruption.[1] We become susceptible to "weak or deceptive arguments" that justify our own self-interest at the expense of those yet to be born.[1]

Breaking the cycle of inaction

To you! whoever you become ! You don't exist yet. Not fully. You are, right now, more of a decision than a person but a question I ask myself on quiet evenings, about whether it is brave or careless to want you. I have not resolved that question. I'm not sure I'm supposed to.

I'm writing this in 2026, which is a year that will look, from where you're standing, like a year we should have known better. And I want to tell you, we did. That's the part that will be hardest to explain and easiest to condemn. We knew. The data was not hidden. The models were not secret. The scientists were not quiet. We simply lived inside a system so total, so all-surrounding, that knowing and changing felt like two different languages spoken by two different species.

I am not asking you to forgive me. Forgiveness is something you offer when someone makes a mistake. What we did was more complicated than a mistake. It was a thousand small choices, each one defensible in isolation, that accumulated into something none of us individually chose but all of us collectively built.

I drove a car today. I took a flight last year to see your grandparents because life is short and I love them and the ticket was affordable in ways that had nothing to do with what it actually cost the sky. I recycled, because it made me feel like I was doing something, even on the days I understood it was not enough, that the arithmetic of individual virtue was never going to close the gap between what we were doing and what we needed to do. I knew this. I did it anyway.

I voted. I marched, once, maybe twice. I signed things. I felt the grief of it genuinely, in my chest, on certain evenings when the news was particularly clear about what was coming. And then I made dinner, and I went to sleep, and I woke up and I went to work, because that is what living inside an ongoing catastrophe looks like from the inside. It does not look like a catastrophe. It looks like Tuesday. And it’s sunny outside. I may finally take that vacation to Italy that I have been postponing for a year now.

Sources:

  1. https://media.tghn.org/articles/Ethical_dimension_Climate_JMoss_1.pdf
  2. Image source: https://planningyouradventure.co.uk/life-goals/letter-for-future-generations/

The Future of Solar Panel Efficiency: Perovskite Breakthroughs

Advanced solar panels

Perovskite is the material solar researchers keep getting excited about, and this time the excitement looks earned. Lab prototypes have passed 33% conversion efficiency, which is roughly double what a standard silicon panel on a German roof manages. The number comes from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and was published in Nature Energy, so it is not a press release figure. [1]

What the material does well is absorb light, and its chemistry can be tuned, which means a cell can be built around the part of the spectrum you actually care about. That flexibility is why perovskite keeps turning up in places silicon cannot go.

Why it matters

  • It is cheaper to make. Perovskites can be printed roll to roll, the way newspapers are, instead of being grown as crystals in a furnace. That cuts production costs by up to half. [2]
  • It is thin and light. Thin film cells can sit on roofs that would never take the weight of glass panels, on vehicles, and on small devices such as Saule Technologies' solar powered sensors.
  • It works better on grey days. In cloudy weather, or early and late in the day, perovskite cells produce 10 to 15 percent more than silicon. Anyone who has lived through a northern European November will see the appeal. [3]
  • It can be made see through. Ubiquitous Energy is working on panels that are 70 percent transparent at 5 to 10 percent efficiency, with windows as the obvious target.

The version most likely to reach the market first is the tandem cell: perovskite layered on top of silicon so the two materials absorb different parts of the spectrum. Oxford PV in the UK and Microquanta Semiconductor in China are scaling production, with commercial release expected in late 2026. BloombergNEF's analysts think tandem cells could take 35 percent of the solar market by 2030 and pull electricity costs down by about 40 percent, largely because you need less roof for the same output. [4]

One caveat is worth keeping in mind. Silicon panels sit outside for 25 years in the rain and still work. Perovskite has to show it can do the same before any efficiency record means much on a real roof.

Sources:

  1. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). "33.9%-Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells." Nature Energy, 2025. nature.com/nenergy
  2. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). Perovskite Solar Cost Analysis 2024. irena.org
  3. Oxford PV. Low-Light Performance Study. 2024. oxfordpv.com
  4. BloombergNEF. Solar Market Outlook 2030. bnef.com
  5. Solar Magazine. Perovskite Solar Cell Technology. solarmagazine.com (Image source)

Offshore Wind Farms: Challenges and Opportunities

Offshore wind farm

Most offshore turbines stand on the seabed, which works until the water gets deep. Past that point you either give up on the site or you float the turbine and hold it in place with mooring lines. Floating wind is still small: somewhere between 100 and 200 MW installed worldwide in 2024, against a projection of more than 10 GW by 2030. The European Union has committed to 300 GW of offshore wind by 2050, and a good share of it will have to float, because the shallow water is largely spoken for. [1]

What makes it hard

  • Cost. A floating project runs two to three times what a fixed bottom one does. The mooring systems are complicated and the installation vessels are specialised and scarce. [2]
  • Getting the power ashore. Remote sites mean long undersea cables, and in some designs a substation that floats along with everything else.
  • Weather. A turbine off the U.S. East Coast has to survive hurricanes, one off Japan has to survive typhoons, and neither is a problem you engineer around cheaply. [3]
  • The sea itself. Installation is noisy, and the effect on marine life is a real question rather than a formality, though studies suggest the risks are manageable when the planning is done properly.

What is being tried

  • Better platforms. Semi submersible designs such as Principle Power's WindFloat use about 30 percent less steel, and steel is most of the bill. [4]
  • Predictive maintenance. Siemens Gamesa and others use machine learning to spot failures before they happen, which cuts downtime by up to 20 percent. Sending a crew out to a floating turbine is expensive enough that guessing right is worth a lot.
  • Energy islands. Denmark's Parker Projekt pairs wind with hydrogen production, so surplus power has somewhere to go instead of being curtailed. [5]

The North Sea is still where most of this happens, Norway's Hywind Tampen being the obvious example, but projects are moving off California at Morro Bay, off Japan near the Goto Islands, and off Australia with Star of the South. The U.S. Department of Energy puts the theoretical potential of floating wind at 2.8 TW, enough to power the country twice over. Theoretical is doing a lot of work in that sentence: what actually gets built depends on whether the costs come down and whether the policy support holds. [6]

Sources:

  1. Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC). Floating Offshore Wind Report 2024. gwec.net
  2. International Energy Agency (IEA). Offshore Wind Outlook 2025. iea.org
  3. U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Extreme Weather Risks for Floating Wind. 2024.
  4. Principle Power. WindFloat White Paper. 2023. principlepower.com
  5. European Commission. Offshore Renewable Energy Strategy. 2020. ec.europa.eu
  6. U.S. DOE. Floating Offshore Wind Potential. 2025. energy.gov
  7. British Engineering Services. Hywind Scotland Mooring Monitoring. britishengineeringservices.co.uk (Image source)

Germany's Energy Ballet: Where Electrons Waltz and Batteries Pirouette

Renewable energy grid choreography

When ancient Romans praised Sol Invictus, their 'Unconquered Sun', they lit sacred fires to honor its divine light. Little could they imagine that millennia later, humanity would harness that same celestial power to illuminate homes, fuel cities, and even charge devices with the sun's invisible 'impulses' (photons) and 'radiations' (solar energy). The god they worshipped now powers our world, not through myth, but through science.

As winter's veil dims the sun's reign, humanity no longer cowers in darkness. Enter battery storage, the Promethean flame of our age. These silent sentinels defy the 'dark-spreading-devils' of night and cloud, hoarding sunlight in electrochemical vaults to fuel our cities when Sol retreats. No longer bound by the sun's daily arc, we've forged a pact with science: solar panels harvest the day's bounty, while batteries stand guard, releasing stored photons to power homes, hospitals, and dreams through the coldest nights. The children of the sun need not falter; their light now burns eternal.

Renewable energy is the 'moody teenager' of the power grid: euphoric when the sun blazes or winds roar, sullen when clouds loom or skies still. These wild swings leave gaps, most glaringly during the morning rush of coffee makers and evening symphony of lights, ovens, and Netflix binges. Enter battery storage systems (BES), the pragmatic 'therapists' of the energy world. They step in when solar panels sulk and wind turbines nap, smoothing out renewables' tantrums by stockpiling excess midday sunshine or midnight gusts. Their 'playground'? The lucrative peaks of dawn and dusk, where electricity prices spike and grids strain. Here, BES doesn't just fill gaps; it turns volatility into profit, one stored electron at a time.

Act I: The Choreographer Takes the Stage

In the grand theater of Germany's energy transition, Demand-Side Management (DSM) is the master choreographer, orchestrating a symphony of electrons, heat, and hydrogen. Solar panels and wind turbines may dazzle like prima donnas under the spotlight, but it is DSM that whispers the steps, ensuring no dancer misses a beat, especially when the sun dips below the horizon or the wind falters.

Act II: The Dancers of Dawn and Dusk

1. Heat Pumps: The Graceful Time-Shifters
In the quiet corners of German homes, heat pumps perform a slow waltz with time. By day, they sip solar nectar, stashing warmth in liquid reservoirs, 500-liter tanks humming with stored potential. By night, they release this treasure, slashing the need for battery sentinels by 42 to 62% in grids where renewables reign supreme. Their secret? Turning noon's solar crescendo into evening's gentle glow.

2. Electric Vehicles (BEVs): The Flash Mob of Flexibility
Battery-electric vehicles are the grid's nimble flash mob, charging under the midday sun and pirouetting into action at dusk. With controlled charging, they trim evening peaks by 22%, while bidirectional "vehicle-to-grid" (V2G) tech lets them feed power back, a fleet of rolling batteries whispering, "The night is ours." But beware: without smart tariffs, their enthusiasm might stomp on local grids' toes.

3. Hydrogen Electrolysis: The Dramatic Wildcard
Hydrogen strides in like a brooding soloist, turning surplus solar and wind into storable fuel. By day, electrolyzers gulp renewable excess, sparing 15 to 30% of solar/wind from curtailment. Yet this diva has a temper: without strict carbon limits, she might flirt with fossil backups, souring the green symphony.

4. Power-to-Heat: The Winter Waltz
When frost grips the land, electric boilers and heat pumps twirl with purpose. They convert solar surpluses into heat, stashed in insulated tanks, a thermal treasury that outsmarts winter's bite. Batteries sigh in relief; their winter burden lightens.

Interlude: The Star's Silent Vigil

Batteries may bask in the spotlight, but their brilliance is fleeting. They hoard sunlight in electrochemical vaults, releasing it in milliseconds when shadows loom. Yet even stars need direction: DSM ensures their power isn't squandered on trivial encores. Together, they cut Germany's fossil peaker plant reliance by 68%, a duet of logic and lightning.

Act III: The Rules of the Dance

Every ballet has its code, and Germany's energy waltz is no exception:
Policy: The stern conductor mandating smart meters, time-of-use tariffs, and carbon caps. No freelancing allowed.
Harmony: Batteries handle seconds-to-hour gaps; DSM commands days. A misstep here, and the grid stumbles.
Profit: DSM and batteries exploit price arbitrage, buying cheap noon electrons, selling them at twilight's premium. A tango of margins and megawatts.

Finale: The Encore the World Awaits

Germany's lesson is clear: A renewable grid is not built; it's choreographed. Without DSM's guiding hand, 2045's grid would demand 70% more batteries, a costly and cluttered stage. Yet with it, even the moodiest renewables (solar's tantrums, wind's sulks) are tempered into elegance.

"The ancients worshipped the sun as a god. We've taught it to dance."

Sources:

  1. ScienceDirect Article

Cold Feet, Warm Hearts: The Science Behind Why We Don't Do What We Know

The Tragedy of the Commons

Read too many godly books like atomic habits, Atlas of the heart, the power of habit and so on and so forth, but still rebottling the same old daily actions as in the name of recycling? Revamping the same old actions in the evenings and mornings and hoping for a genie to change the predicament of the time?

These questions are not new; my guru preaches them in his selected sermons in the silent retreats in the 'Himalayas'. How do you know them?

Let me put it this way: Too many climate slogans bulldozing the streets of modern cities? Too many greenwashings in the name of climate action? Too many lectures in the name of what must be done as a human society? And yet, last night, binge-watched a series while the heater worked harder than a coal power plant in 1995? Congratulations, you are officially a case study. Welcome to your sacred circle of retreatment.

The Attitude-Behaviour Gap: A Scientific Naming

A scientific paper with the wonderfully honest title "Bridging the Attitude-Behaviour Gap in Household Energy Consumption" (Huang & Warnier, TU Delft) gives this contradiction a name: the 'attitude-behaviour gap'. In short, our hearts say "save the planet," while our habits reply "maybe tomorrow." The issue isn't a lack of care, it's that caring is abstract, whereas comfort is painfully specific. Climate change feels distant and invisible; cold feet, on the other hand, are immediate and extremely convincing. Climate change is the frog in slowly heating water, not because frogs are stupid, but because nothing feels urgent until it suddenly is. But since the trade-off is so distant, as a talisman businessman, our subconsciously formed habits influence our decision-making-process and that was that as an elite-climate-hero for the night.

Primary vs. Selective Motives

The paper from Huang and Warnier explores various ideas on 'Bridging the Attitude-Behaviour Gap'. First they start with trying to make a distinction between primary motives and selective motives or motivation to perform certain environmental actions. Since most of the actions are readily influenced by immediate needs, which evolve around personal and everyday needs in spite of an individual holding altruistic and social values, reasoning and logical changes remain useless as a silent manifesto in the background. That's why studying one's habit establishes itself as a prudent argument to reduce the decentralized energy consumption market. Smart homes and grids can do so much.

Making Behaviour Change Actionable

The second focus of the paper is facilitating the behaviour change process, where two key players take centre stage: first, the conveyance of accurate, actionable information to consumers; and second, thoughtful intervention design that offers personalized ways to motivate people to voluntarily practice and repeat energy-saving actions within the messy reality of everyday life.

The two further divide the actions into routine actions like: Turning devices off? Good idea unless you're late. Air-drying clothes? Wonderful, unless it rains, your room smells weird, and you need socks now.

And one-shot actions: Buying an A+++ fridge? Excellent, unless your bank account says "A– – –".

When it comes to changing how people use energy, the paper makes one thing clear: information only works if it is usable. Flooding households with kilowatt-hours, charts, and moral appeals is a bit like handing someone a cookbook written entirely in chemistry formulas, technically correct, but unlikely to produce dinner.

What actually helps is accurate, actionable information: small, concrete suggestions that fit naturally into daily routines. Less "save energy for the planet" and more "here's one simple thing you can do today, how hard it is, and why it matters." By breaking complex actions into manageable micro-steps, clearly explaining their impact, and showing that not all energy-saving actions require money, time, or monk-like discipline, information stops being abstract advice and starts becoming something people can realistically act on - without having to redesign their entire life.

Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivators

The paper further explores the different facets of motivations and triggers for a long sustainable change in one's life, namely Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivators. External motivators like tangible rewards, competitions and removal of societal pressure may induce one-shot choices like how the world of marketing influences one's smartphone buying decision. And it can backfire too like the rebels who hate Apple/Android-Ecosystem and vice-versa. But intrinsic motivation revolves around two things: perceived competence (or self-efficacy) and a sense of autonomy i.e free will and choice.

Intrinsic motivators are mostly triggered by a strong internal locus of control. One has the perception that one has the ability to bring about change through one's own actions, whereas one who is feebly swayed away by external influences (by other people and institutions) may believe that his nibble actions are nowhere close to bringing about change. This mindset is sometimes mistaken for narcissism, but it is often the opposite: a quiet form of learned helplessness, where the scale of the problem feels so overwhelming that personal agency dissolves. When people stop believing their actions count, motivation withers, not because they don't care, but because they no longer feel like authors of the outcome.

A notification telling you to turn off lights might get compliance today, but it also frames energy-saving as something external to you, something you're being monitored for. Over time, that erodes intrinsic motivation.

The alternative: helping people connect energy-saving actions to their own values, is messier and slower, but far more robust. If someone comes to see reducing energy use as an expression of thrift, environmental care, practicality, or even just dislike of waste, the behaviour doesn't need external scaffolding anymore. It becomes self-sustaining because it's integrated into their identity rather than bolted onto it.

The challenge, of course, is that autonomy-supportive approaches are harder to scale and require more nuance than simply designing a system that tells people what to do.

The Tragedy of the Commons

They also point out a very important generational ritual that has negated our planet's resources: The Tragedy of the Commons. The tragedy of the commons is basically what happens when everyone knows they should hold back, but nobody actually wants to go first. It's that familiar mental bargain: "If I take a bit extra, who's really going to notice? Everyone else is probably doing it too." With something like energy use, the consequences of your personal overindulgence get diluted across the whole of society, while you get to enjoy the immediate warmth, the brighter lights, the extra convenience.

So individuals keep making perfectly reasonable choices, and somehow the system still collapses in slow motion. It's a bit like an all-you-can-eat buffet where nobody ever shuts the doors. For a while, it's glorious. And then, inevitably, it isn't. It finds its semblance with the worst aspect of Game Theory and how the parties involved won't hold back their hands, bluffing till everybody loses.

Family Involvement and Social Solutions

Another point that has been raised is that 'Families with children generally consume more energy and this consumption increases as the children grow older'. However, studies show that the children enjoy the time with their parents, when their shared time is used to explore the energy saving potentials. In fact discussing and establishing common family responsibilities around energy consumption is reported to be effective.

The paper suggests that solutions work best when your individual actions feel visible, meaningful, and like part of something bigger. When you can see that other people are also making an effort, holding back stops feeling like some noble but pointless gesture you're making alone, it starts to feel normal, even expected. Clear feedback helps, as does knowing how you're doing compared to others, or making a small public commitment that gives the whole thing a bit of weight. Basically, people are far more willing to bring their own reusable cup when they glance around and notice everyone else is doing it too.

Sources:

  1. Huang & Warnier, TU Delft. "Bridging the Attitude-Behaviour Gap in Household Energy Consumption." Academic Research, 2024.
  2. The Tragedy of the Commons Explained in One Minute (One-Minute-Economics). Image Source.

Game of Thrones and Climate Change: The White Walkers as Environmental Allegory

Winter is coming: A climate allegory

Well, the winter is here
The wildlings and the nightwatchmen, the witness bear
The giants and the werewolves walk in cold ice bare
The wall will fall, even if nimble cares." -The Nightking

Goerge R.R. Martin may not have intentionally written his voluminous books to raise climate awareness as a baby-Zeitgeist, but it serves the purpose in its entirety. The baby has now become a man and is ruttling the facades and the brick walls of the middle-earthly-Northern wall. The author has since acknowledged its contemporary relevance to climate change, noting that the threat to the world is often treated as a "political football" instead of a catalyst for unity.

"The Ice Zombie Allegory
The cries of the tomb, the gory
The night's rife, the whitewalker's story." -The commander of the night army

The "Others" or White Walkers serve as the concrete manifestation of the abstract threat posed by a changing climate. Division in ideological scale: 'The Left and the right', 'Us vs. Them', 'Natives vs. Migrants', 'Division in skin spectrum' have found the fertile lacustrine grounds in the lackluster minds of the commons back in the Westerosi epoch. In the narrative of R.R.Martin, these magical forces threaten to engulf the realm of Westeros in an eternal winter, transforming all humanity into an army of the frozen undead. As the story progresses, the White Walkers function as an emblem of apocalypse, symbolizing an unstoppable force of historical and environmental change that can overcome an entire civilization.

"Political leaders for power squabble
'The iron throne' is the word they babble
Horses and the triumphs and broken saddle
Dragons and fire mix in the citadel's green-liquid-swabble" -Viserion

The series is described as a "collective action story" that critiques how political leaders squabble for power while ignoring a global crisis. Characters are so consumed by the "game of thrones" (the Machiavellian pursuit of the Iron Throne) that they fail to prioritize the survival of the planet. Narcissism, unscrupulousness, lack of empathy and cold heartedness all diverge into and form an amalgam that breeds greed, violence, debauchery and decay of the westerosi civilisation.

Much like real-world climate skepticism, many characters in the cosmopolitan south dismiss the threat of ice zombies as mere myths, ignoring the increasingly desperate alarms raised by the Night's Watch. Much like the climate scientists and research papers signaling a red flag in the greenwashed commons.

Environmental Stewardship and the Refugee Crisis

The martian starship and the huge hope of terraformed-martian-genesis
All While the earth's ecology terradeforms and goes through ecdysis

Jon Snow emerges as a model for environmental stewardship by recognizing that survival requires an alliance with the Wildlings, the fringe populations who are the first victims of the environmental change. Snow understands that the White Walkers do not care about tribal or political labels; to the undead, all humans are simply "meat" for their army. Snow's willingness to grant safe haven to the Wildlings south of the Wall parallels real-world calls for solidarity with climate refugees.

Indigenous Perspectives and Resource Scarcity

Climate change has become a capitalistic-blasphemy
You may have been conditioned in the devil's academy

The backstory of Westeros reveals that the current ecological crisis is rooted in a history of settler colonialism and deforestation.

  • The Children of the Forest: These indigenous inhabitants created the White Walkers as a doomsday weapon to defend their sacred trees from being slaughtered by the invading First Men.
  • Food Scarcity: In the novels, Martin uses extensive catalogs of food to signal the approaching crisis; as the "long winter" draws near, these descriptions grow shorter, reflecting the grim reality of resource depletion and spoiled food stocks.

Ultimately, the story of Westeros warns that the only way to "break the wheel" of intergenerational violence and environmental destruction is to put aside enmities and work together to face the "Long Night".

The kings pursue their "game" for a chair of rust,
The sacred weirwood trees are falling to the dust,
The walls are sacrileged with blood and lust,
The days are fragile and the nights robust.

The crawlers and the reptiles have left their burials,
The men shall be undertaken next,
The flying ravens have left their homes with other aerials,
The trees tremble in the horrors and threat.

The White Walkers march like a massive black river,
They make the cynical south begin to shiver,
You squabble for power while the winter arrives,
You gamble with the weight of billions of lives,
Without a revolution of empathy to light the spark,
The Long Night will be dark.

The Long Night will be dark.

Sources:

  1. Martin, George R. R. A Song of Ice and Fire Book I: A Game of Thrones. New York: Bantam, 2013.
  2. ———. A Song of Ice and Fire Book II: A Clash of Kings. New York: Bantam, 2013.
  3. ———. A Song of Ice and Fire Book III: A Storm of Swords. New York: Bantam, 2013.
  4. ———. A Song of Ice and Fire Book IV: A Feast of Crows. New York: Bantam, 2013.
  5. ———. A Song of Ice and Fire Book V: A Dance with Dragons. New York: Bantam, 2013.
  6. ———, Elio M. Garcia Jr. and Linda Antonsson. The World of Ice and Fire: The Untold History of Westeros and the Game of Thrones. New York: Bantam, 2014.
  7. DiPaolo, Marc. Fire and Snow: Climate Fiction from the Inklings to Game of Thrones. Apple Books.
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